To give calves the strongest start, producers must focus on prenatal care, effective post-birth protocols, and long-term herd health. Early investment in calf health ensures better survival rates and protects valuable genetics. Here are five essential strategies:
- Dam Nutrition Before Calving
A healthy calf starts with a well-nourished dam. Colostrum production begins about 60 days pre-calving, so cows should reach a body condition score of at least 6. Poor maternal nutrition leads to low-quality colostrum, reducing calf immunity. - Timely Colostrum Intake
Newborn calves lack immunity and depend entirely on colostrum for antibodies, energy, and nutrients. The first six hours after birth are critical for antibody absorption. If colostrum intake is delayed or uncertain, a replacer should be used. - Vaccination of Pregnant Cows
Vaccinating cows against clostridial diseases boosts both their health and the antibody levels in their colostrum. This is especially important in first-calf heifers. Vaccines should be administered at least 60 days before calving for best results. - Clean Calving Environment
A sanitary birth area minimizes calves’ exposure to harmful pathogens like E. coli and salmonella. Mud, manure, and close proximity increase the risk of disease transmission. - Early-Life Calf Vaccination
Calves benefit from early vaccines, especially when scours or respiratory issues have been a problem. Oral scour, intranasal respiratory, and clostridial vaccines should be administered as early as possible.
Together, these strategies strengthen immunity and reduce disease risk in your herd.
By Lacey Fahrmeier, Technical Service Veterinarian, Valley Vet Supply
Published in Canadian Progressive Cattle, March 2025