Based on research by A. M. Atuhaire et al.
In Uganda’s semi-arid Karamoja region, livestock is essential for food, income, and survival. But climate change, overgrazing, and poor pasture practices are making it harder for pastoralists to feed their animals. A new study looked at how native grasses grow in different seasons and how farmers can manage them better.
Researchers found that most local grasses had low protein, especially in the dry season. Only Brachiaria decumbens had enough protein to meet cattle’s needs—and only during the rainy season. Despite many types of grass in the region, few legumes (plants that help improve soil and feed quality) were found. This hurts nutrition, especially during long dry periods.
Farmers know a lot about local pasture species, including which ones are “good” or “bad” for their animals. They use this knowledge to choose where to graze. But grazing pressure and climate stress have caused the best grasses to decline, while lower-quality ones have spread.
The study suggests key improvements: conserve Brachiaria as hay during the rainy season, reduce overgrazing, introduce small paddocks, and plant more forage legumes. These simple, low-cost strategies can help ensure better livestock health and more stable food and income for Karamoja’s pastoralists.